疫疹

目录

1 拼音

yì zhěn

2 英文参考

pestilence with petechiae[中医药学名词审定委员会.中医药学名词(2010)]

3 概述

疫疹(pestilence with petechiae[1])为病证名[2]。是指感受瘟毒,以壮热,肌肤癍疹,伴各种出血为主要表现的疫病[2]。即疫证发疹的疾患[2]。见《疫疹一得》卷上。

4 疫疹的病因病机

由于感受疫疠之邪,热毒内盛,外发于肌肤所致[2]

5 疫疹的症状

疫疹见紧束有根、色紫或黑者为热盛毒重[2]。轻者一病即发,毒愈重则透发愈迟,有迟至四五日而仍不透者[2]。初起时,伴见恶寒发热,头痛如劈,甚则烦躁谵语,唇焦,舌起红刺,脉数,或兼上呕下泄等症[2]

6 疫疹的辨证分型

6.1 疫疹·风热伤络证

疫疹·风热伤络证(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of wind-heat injuring collaterals[2])是指感受瘟毒,风热伤络,以发热,微恶风寒,头痛咳嗽,突起肌肤红疹,发无定处,多见于头面四肢,舌尖红,苔薄白或微黄,脉浮数等为常见症的疫疹证候[2]

6.2 疫疹·卫气同病证

疫疹·卫气同病证(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of involving both defense and qi phases[2])是指感受瘟毒,卫气同病,以发热微恶风,无汗或少汗,头痛身痛,颜面潮红,疹色鲜红或深红,四肢倦怠,口微渴,舌边尖红,苔黄微腻,脉滑数等为常见症的疫疹证候[2]

6.3 疫疹·邪阻膜原证

疫疹·邪阻膜原证(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of pathogen blocking pleuro-diaphragmatic interspace[2])是指瘟毒之邪遏阻膜原,以畏寒或寒战,壮热,继而但热不寒,头痛且重,面目红赤,疹粒显现,肢体沉重酸楚,纳呆,胸脘痞闷,呕逆或呕吐,秽气喷人,腹满胀痛,腹泻或便秘,小便短赤,舌红绛,苔白厚腻浊或白如积粉,脉濡数等为常见症的疫疹证候[2]

6.4 疫疹·热迫营血证

疫疹·热迫营血证(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of toxin entering nutrient and blood phases[2])是指瘟毒热邪,内迫营血,以壮热,日晡益甚,口渴引饮,烦躁不宁或腹满便秘,癍色红赤,甚或紫黑,初见于胸膺部,迅速发展至背、腹及四肢等处,舌红,苔黄燥,甚或干裂,脉洪大或沉实等为常见症的疫疹证候[2]

6.5 疫疹·气营两燔证

疫疹·气营两燔证(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of blazing heat in both qi and nutrient phases[2])又称疫疹·气血两燔证,疫疹·毒燔气营证,疫疹·毒燔气血证,是指瘟毒热盛,气营(血)两燔,以壮热,头痛如劈,两目昏瞀,骨节烦痛,身如被杖,或狂躁谵妄,口渴引饮,或惊厥抽搐,或吐血衄血,癍色深紫,疏密不匀,舌绛苔焦,脉浮大数或沉细数等为常见症的疫疹证候[2]

6.6 疫疹·血热妄行证

疫疹·血热妄行证(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of bleeding due to blood heat[2])是指瘟毒热盛,迫血妄行,以身热,心烦失眠,癍疹连结成片,颜色紫赤,或兼有鼻衄、齿衄、便血、月经妄行,舌深绛紫暗,脉数等为常见症的疫疹证候[2]

6.7 疫疹·邪犯肝心证

疫疹·邪犯肝心证(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of pathogen invading liver and heart[2])是指瘟毒热邪,内犯肝心,以身灼热,肢厥,神昏谵语或昏聩不语,颈项强直,牙关紧闭,两目上视,手足抽搐,呕吐频作,癍疹紫黑,舌红绛,脉细数等为常见症的疫疹证候[2]

6.8 疫疹·正气暴脱证

疫疹·正气暴脱证(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of sudden collapse of vital qi[2])是指正气暴脱,以身热骤降,面色苍白,气短息微,大汗不止,四肢湿冷,烦乱不安或神昏谵语,癍疹暗晦或突然隐退,或见各种出血,舌淡红,脉微欲绝等为常见症的疫疹证候[2]

6.9 疫疹·余邪未净证

疫疹·余邪未净证(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of lingering remnant pathogen[2])是指余邪未净,以癍疹渐退,低热,头目不清,疲倦乏力,脘痞纳呆,小便短少,舌苔未净,脉细微数等为常见症的疫疹证候[2]

7 疫疹的治疗

治宜清热凉血解毒,以清瘟败毒饮为主方[2]。亦可先用败毒散[2]。热盛者可酌用凉膈散(去硝、黄加石膏)[2]

8 参考资料

  1. ^ [1] 中医药学名词审定委员会.中医药学名词(2010)[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
  2. ^ [2] 李经纬等主编.中医大词典——2版[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:1304.

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